This is a electron microscope picture (magnification 551 times) of a 2 year old battery positive plate which had been in service on a highway tractor for one year. The battery was conventionally charged and was sulfated. This picture shows the battery plate after being pulse-charged for a period of approximately three months. Compared to the picture of the sulfated battery plate, you can see the dramatic difference in the size and quantity of the crystals on the battery plate. Upon close inspection, you can see "holes" in the crystals as they begin to dissolve and return the sulphur to the electrolyte.

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